Use molecular visualization software to study the association between proteins and DNA within a nucleosome
Make temporary mounts of cells and tissues, staining, measuring sizes using an eyepiece graticule, focusing with coarse and fine adjustments, calculating actual size and magnification, producing a scale bar, and taking photographs
Identify cells in light and electron micrographs as prokaryote, plant, or animal
In electron micrographs, draw and annotate diagrams of cell structures (cell wall, plasma membrane, secretory vesicles, and microvilli)
Classify chromosomes by banding patterns, length, and centromere position
Extract information about genome size for different taxonomic groups from a database to compare genome size to organism complexity
Engage with local plant or animal species to develop a dichotomous key
Make measurements to determine tidal volume, vital capacity, and inspiratory and expiratory reserves
Perform leaf casts to determine stomatal density
Distinguish arteries and veins in micrographs from the structure of a vessel wall and its thickness relative to the diameter of the lumen
Determine heart rate by feeling the carotid or radial pulse with fingertips
Evaluate epidemiological data relating to the incidence of coronary heart disease
Draw plan diagrams from micrographs to identify the relative positions of vascular bundles, xylem, phloem, cortex, and epidermis
Understand the sequence of events in the left side of the heart that follow the initiation of the heartbeat by the sinoatrial node (the “pacemaker”)
Compare the range of motion of a joint in several dimensions
Use transect data to correlate the distribution of plant or animal species with an abiotic variable
Examine models or digital collections of skulls to infer diet from anatomical features (e.g., Homo sapiens, Homo floresiensis, Paranthropus robustus)
Determine enzyme reaction rates through experimentation and using secondary data
Make measurements to determine the rate of cell respiration
Calculate Rf values from the results of chromatographic separation of photosynthetic pigments
Determine rates of photosynthesis from data on oxygen production and carbon dioxide consumption for varying wavelengths
Suggest hypotheses for the effects of limiting factors on photosynthesis and test these through experimentation
Gather qualitative data, using diagrams to record observations of seedlings illustrating tropic responses
Use the Lincoln index to estimate population size
Interpret an oscilloscope trace in relation to cellular events of an action potential
Collect data regarding population growth
Apply chi-squared tests on the presence/absence of two species in several sampling sites
Use research data from specific ecosystems to represent energy transfer and energy losses between trophic levels in food chains
Identify the phases of mitosis using diagrams as well as with cells viewed through a microscope or in a micrograph
Measure changes in tissue length and mass, and analyze data to deduce isotonic solute concentration
Apply standard deviation and standard error to help in the analysis of data
Understand the distinction between continuous variables (e.g., skin color) and discrete variables (e.g., ABO blood group)
Apply measures of central tendency such as mean, median, and mode
Use a box-and-whisker plot to display six aspects of data: outliers, minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum
Explore genes and their polypeptide products in databases
Interpret data from John Endler’s experiments with guppies
Use databases to search allele frequencies, with at least one human example
Calculate percentage change in the extent of deforestation
Biology
Sciences
Grade 12
Content
Molecules
Water
Carbohydrates and lipids
Proteins
Enzymes and metabolism
Cell respiration
Photosynthesis
Nucleic acids
DNA replication
Protein synthesis
Mutations and gene editing
Cells
Origins of cells (HL only)
Cell structure
Viruses (HL only)
Membranes and membrane transport
Organelles and compartmentalization
Cell specialization
Chemical signaling (HL only)
Neural signaling
Cell and nuclear division
Gene expression (HL only)
Water potential
Organisms
Diversity of organisms
Classification and cladistics (HL only)
Evolution and speciation
Adaptation to environment
Natural selection
Reproduction
Inheritance
Homeostasis
Gas exchange
Transport
Muscle and motility (HL only)
Integration of body systems
Defense against disease
Ecosystems
Conservation of biodiversity
Ecological niches
Populations and communities
Transfers of energy and matter
Stability and change
Climate change
Diversity of organisms
Classification and cladistics
Evolution and speciation
Adaptation to environment
Natural selection
Skills
Use molecular visualization software to study the association between proteins and DNA within a nucleosome
Make temporary mounts of cells and tissues, staining, measuring sizes using an eyepiece graticule, focusing with coarse and fine adjustments, calculating actual size and magnification, producing a scale bar, and taking photographs
Identify cells in light and electron micrographs as prokaryote, plant, or animal
In electron micrographs, draw and annotate diagrams of cell structures (cell wall, plasma membrane, secretory vesicles, and microvilli)
Classify chromosomes by banding patterns, length, and centromere position
Extract information about genome size for different taxonomic groups from a database to compare genome size to organism complexity
Engage with local plant or animal species to develop a dichotomous key
Make measurements to determine tidal volume, vital capacity, and inspiratory and expiratory reserves
Perform leaf casts to determine stomatal density
Distinguish arteries and veins in micrographs from the structure of a vessel wall and its thickness relative to the diameter of the lumen
Determine heart rate by feeling the carotid or radial pulse with fingertips
Evaluate epidemiological data relating to the incidence of coronary heart disease
Draw plan diagrams from micrographs to identify the relative positions of vascular bundles, xylem, phloem, cortex, and epidermis
Understand the sequence of events in the left side of the heart that follow the initiation of the heartbeat by the sinoatrial node (the “pacemaker”)
Compare the range of motion of a joint in several dimensions
Use transect data to correlate the distribution of plant or animal species with an abiotic variable
Examine models or digital collections of skulls to infer diet from anatomical features (e.g., Homo sapiens, Homo floresiensis, Paranthropus robustus)
Determine enzyme reaction rates through experimentation and using secondary data
Make measurements to determine the rate of cell respiration
Calculate Rf values from the results of chromatographic separation of photosynthetic pigments
Determine rates of photosynthesis from data on oxygen production and carbon dioxide consumption for varying wavelengths
Suggest hypotheses for the effects of limiting factors on photosynthesis and test these through experimentation
Gather qualitative data, using diagrams to record observations of seedlings illustrating tropic responses
Use the Lincoln index to estimate population size
Interpret an oscilloscope trace in relation to cellular events of an action potential
Collect data regarding population growth
Apply chi-squared tests on the presence/absence of two species in several sampling sites
Use research data from specific ecosystems to represent energy transfer and energy losses between trophic levels in food chains
Identify the phases of mitosis using diagrams as well as with cells viewed through a microscope or in a micrograph
Measure changes in tissue length and mass, and analyze data to deduce isotonic solute concentration
Apply standard deviation and standard error to help in the analysis of data
Understand the distinction between continuous variables (e.g., skin color) and discrete variables (e.g., ABO blood group)
Apply measures of central tendency such as mean, median, and mode
Use a box-and-whisker plot to display six aspects of data: outliers, minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum
Explore genes and their polypeptide products in databases
Interpret data from John Endler’s experiments with guppies
Use databases to search allele frequencies, with at least one human example
Calculate percentage change in the extent of deforestation
Chemistry
Sciences
Grade 11
Content
Structure 1: Models of the Particulate Nature of Matter
Introduction to the particulate nature of matter
The nuclear atom
Electron configurations
Counting particles by mass: The mole
Ideal gases
Structure 2: Models of Bonding and Structure
The ionic model
The covalent model
The metallic model
From models to materials
Structure 3: Classification of Matter
The periodic table and periodicity
Functional groups and the classification of organic compounds
Reactivity
1. What drives chemical reactions?
Measuring enthalpy changes
Energy cycles in reactions
Energy from fuels
Entropy and spontaneity
2. How much, how fast, and how far?
The amount of chemical change
The rate of chemical change
The extent of chemical change and equilibrium
3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?
Proton transfer reactions
Electron transfer reactions
Electron sharing reactions
Electron-pair sharing reactions
Skills
Experimental Programme
Practical work
Collaborative sciences project
Scientific investigation
Tool 1:Experimental Techniques Tool 2:Technology Tool 3:Mathematics Inquiry Process
Inquiry 1:Exploring and Designing Inquiry 2:Collecting and Processing Data Inquiry 3:Concluding and Evaluating
Chemistry
Sciences
Grade 12
Content
Structure 1: Models of the Particulate Nature of Matter
Introduction to the particulate nature of matter
The nuclear atom
Electron configurations
Counting particles by mass: The mole
Ideal gases
Structure 2: Models of Bonding and Structure
The ionic model
The covalent model
The metallic model
From models to materials
Structure 3: Classification of Matter
The periodic table and periodicity
Functional groups and the classification of organic compounds
Reactivity
1. What drives chemical reactions?
Measuring enthalpy changes
Energy cycles in reactions
Energy from fuels
Entropy and spontaneity
2. How much, how fast, and how far?
The amount of chemical change
The rate of chemical change
The extent of chemical change and equilibrium
3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?
Proton transfer reactions
Electron transfer reactions
Electron sharing reactions
Electron-pair sharing reactions
Skills
Experimental Programme
Practical work
Collaborative sciences project
Scientific investigation
Tool 1:Experimental Techniques Tool 2:Technology Tool 3:Mathematics Inquiry Process
Inquiry 1:Exploring and Designing Inquiry 2:Collecting and Processing Data Inquiry 3:Concluding and Evaluating
